Keeb kwm ntawm Pvc

Thaum ntxov li 1835, polyvinyl chloride tau tshawb pom los ntawm V. Lenio ntawm Tebchaws Meskas. Thaum tshav ntuj raug siv los irradiate vinyl chloride, nws tsim cov khoom dawb, uas yog polyvinyl chloride.
PVC tau pom ob zaug hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, ib zaug hauv 1835 los ntawm Henri Victor Regnault thiab lwm qhov hauv xyoo 1872 los ntawm Eugen Baumann. Nyob rau ob lub sijhawm, cov polymer tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub beaker ntawm vinyl chloride tso rau hauv lub hnub ci thiab dhau los ua cov khoom dawb. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, Lavxias teb sab chemist Ivan Ostromislensky thiab German chemist Fritz Klatte ntawm Griesheim Elektron tuam txhab sim siv PVC rau kev lag luam tib lub sij hawm, tab sis qhov nyuaj yog yuav ua li cas rau txheej txheem no nyuaj, tej zaum brittle polymer.
Xyoo 1912, Fritz Klatte, ib tug neeg German, tau tsim cov PVC thiab thov rau patent hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, tab sis ua tsis tiav los tsim cov khoom tsim nyog ua ntej patent tas sij hawm.
Xyoo 1926, Waldo Semon ntawm BF Goodrich Company hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau tsim cov PVC thiab thov rau patent hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Waldo Semon thiab BF Goodrich Lub Tuam Txhab tau tsim ib txoj hauv kev ntawm plasticizing PVC los ntawm kev ntxiv ntau yam khoom siv hauv xyoo 1926, uas ua rau nws yooj yim dua thiab yooj yim rau txheej txheem thiab sai tau txais kev lag luam dav dav.
Xyoo 1914, nws tau pom tias cov polymerization ntawm vinyl chloride tuaj yeem ua kom nrawm los ntawm kev siv cov organic peroxides. Xyoo 1931, lub tuam txhab German tau siv cov tshuaj pleev xim polymerization kom paub txog kev lag luam ntawm PVC. Xyoo 1933, WL Simon tau thov kom siv cov kuab tshuaj kub kub thiab trimethyl phosphate los ua kom sov PVC thiab sib tov los tsim cov khoom muag PVC, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tiag tiag hauv kev siv tswv yim ntawm PVC. Nyob rau hauv 1936, lub ncua kev kawm ntawv polymerization ntawm yas chloride thiab kev ua thiab daim ntawv thov ntawm PVC yog yuav luag ib txhij tsim los ntawm British Burnemn Chemical Industry Company, American Union Carbide Company thiab Gutrich Chemical Company. Txhawm rau kom yooj yim cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab txo kev siv hluav taws xob, Saint Gobain Tuam Txhab ntawm Fabkis tau tsim cov txheej txheem polymerization ntau hauv xyoo 1956. Xyoo 1983, lub ntiaj teb kev noj tag nrho yog kwv yees li 11.1 Mt, thiab tag nrho cov peev txheej yog li 17.6 Mt; Nws yog ob hom yas loj tshaj plaws tom qab polyethylene, suav txog li 15 feem pua ​​​​ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv yas. PVC cov nroj tsuag tsim los ntawm Tuam Tshoj tau muab tso rau hauv kev sim ntau lawm hauv Liaoning Jinxi Chemical Plant hauv xyoo 1956. Xyoo 1958, 3kt cog tau raug tsim kho, nrog rau cov zis ntawm 530.9kt hauv xyoo 1984.
PVC yog industrialized nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1930s. Txij li thaum xyoo 1930, ntev ntev, cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm PVC tau ua thawj zaug hauv ntiaj teb kev siv yas. Thaum xyoo 1960s, polyethylene hloov PVC. Txawm hais tias PVC plastics tam sim no coj qhov chaw thib ob, nws cov txiaj ntsig tseem suav nrog ntau tshaj li ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov khoom tsim tawm.
Ua ntej xyoo 1960, kev tsim cov yas chloride monomer feem ntau yog calcium carbide acetylene. Vim tias calcium carbide ntau lawm xav tau ntau lub zog thiab coke, tus nqi yog siab. Thaum ntxov xyoo 1960, tom qab kev lag luam ntawm ethylene oxychlorination los tsim cov tshuaj vinyl chloride, lub teb chaws tig mus rau cov roj pheej yig dua li cov khoom siv raw. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim hais tias feem ntau ntawm PVC raw cov ntaub ntawv (kwv yees li 57 feem pua ​​​​ntawm qhov hnyav) yog cov roj chlorine, uas yog ib qho khoom siv los ntawm kev lag luam dej qab zib, nws tsis yog tsuas yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv raw cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb. txhawm rau txhim kho kev lag luam chlor alkali thiab ntsuas cov roj chlorine. Yog li ntawd, txawm hais tias qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm PVC hauv plastics tau poob qis, nws tseem tuav qhov kev loj hlob siab.